3360 lines
134 KiB
HTML
3360 lines
134 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /><title>{$my.Think.config.web.linuxcmd.title}</title><meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile" /><meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" /><meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" /><meta name="keywords" content="{$my.Think.config.web.linuxcmd.keywords}" /><meta name="description" content="{$my.Think.config.web.linuxcmd.description}" /><meta name="renderer" content="webkit" /><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /><link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" mce_href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /><link href="/static/style/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link href="/static/style/tool.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7/html5shiv.min.js"></script><script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script><![endif]-->{:$my.Think.config.web.header}</head><body>{include file="header" /}
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<div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12 col10main"><div class="accordion" id="accordion2"><div class="accordion-group"><!-- <div><a href="https://www.aliyun.com/minisite/goods?userCode=eaborev5" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://zxgj.16400.cn/static/images/ali.jpg"></a></div> -->
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<ul class="nav nav-tabs hbflag"><li role="presentation"><a href="/useragent/">常用User-Agent</a></li><li role="presentation"><a href="/contenttype/">Content-Type对照表</a></li><li role="presentation"><a href="/requestmethod/">Request请求大全</a></li><li role="presentation"><a href="/httpheader/">HTTP请求头大全</a></li><li role="presentation"><a href="/pagecode/"> HTTP状态码</a></li><li role="presentation"><a href="/asciicode/">ASCII对照表</a></li><li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="/linuxcmd/">Linux常用命令大全</a></li><li role="presentation" class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:;" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">更多工具<span class="caret"> </span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li role="presentation"><a href="/htmlescapechar/">HTML特殊字符转义</a></li><li role="presentation"><a href="/ports/">常见端口大全</a></li><li role="presentation"><a href="/bootstrapicon/">Bootstrap字体图标</a></li><li role="presentation"><a href="/androidmanifest/"> Android Manifest权限大全</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert">
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<p>Linux常用命令大全,<code>小贴士：Ctrl+F 快速查找Linux命令（点标题可收缩、展开）</code></p>
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</div><div class="panel panel-success"> <div class="accordion">
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<div class="accordion-group">
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<div class="accordion-heading">
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<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo1">
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Linux命令 — 系统信息 </a>
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</div>
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<div id="demo1" class="in collapse">
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
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命令代码
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</th>
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<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
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注释说明
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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arch
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</td>
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<td>
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||
显示机器的处理器架构（1）
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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uname -m
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</td>
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<td>
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||
显示机器的处理器架构（2）
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
||
<td>
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uname -r
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</td>
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<td>
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显示正在使用的内核版本
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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dmidecode -q
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</td>
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||
<td>
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显示硬件系统部件 - (SMBIOS / DMI)
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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hdparm -i /dev/hda
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</td>
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<td>
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罗列一个磁盘的架构特性
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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hdparm -tT /dev/sda
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</td>
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<td>
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在磁盘上执行测试性读取操作
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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cat /proc/cpuinfo
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</td>
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<td>
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||
显示CPU info的信息
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
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cat /proc/interrupts
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||
</td>
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<td>
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显示中断
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
||
<td>
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cat /proc/meminfo
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</td>
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<td>
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校验内存使用
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
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cat /proc/swaps
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</td>
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<td>
|
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显示哪些swap被使用
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
||
<td>
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cat /proc/version
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</td>
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<td>
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显示内核的版本
|
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</td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
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cat /proc/net/dev
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</td>
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<td>
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显示网络适配器及统计
|
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
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cat /proc/mounts
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</td>
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<td>
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||
显示已加载的文件系统
|
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</td>
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</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
lspci -tv
|
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</td>
|
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<td>
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||
罗列 PCI 设备
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</td>
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</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
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lsusb -tv
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</td>
|
||
<td>
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显示 USB 设备
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
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<td>
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date
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</td>
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<td>
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显示系统日期
|
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
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<td>
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cal 2007
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</td>
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<td>
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显示2007年的日历表
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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date 041217002007.00
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</td>
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<td>
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设置日期和时间 - 月日时分年.秒
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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clock -w
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</td>
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<td>
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将时间修改保存到 BIOS
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<hr />
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<div class="accordion-group">
|
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<div class="accordion-heading">
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<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo2">
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Linux命令 — 系统关机 (关机、重启以及登出 ) </a>
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</div>
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<div id="demo2" class="in collapse">
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<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
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<tbody>
|
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<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
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命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
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||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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shutdown -h now
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</td>
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<td>
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关闭系统
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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init 0
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</td>
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<td>
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关闭系统
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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telinit 0
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</td>
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<td>
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关闭系统
|
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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shutdown -h hours:minutes &
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</td>
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<td>
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按预定时间关闭系统
|
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
|
||
<td>
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shutdown -c
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
取消按预定时间关闭系统
|
||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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shutdown -r now
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</td>
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<td>
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||
重启
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>reboot
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>重启
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||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>logout
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||
</td>
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||
<td>注销
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo3">
|
||
Linux命令 — 文件和目录 </a>
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||
</div>
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||
<div id="demo3" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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cd /home
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</td>
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<td>
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||
进入 '/ home' 目录'
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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cd ..
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||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
返回上一级目录
|
||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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cd ../..
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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返回上两级目录
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||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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cd
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
进入个人的主目录
|
||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr>
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||
<td>
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cd ~user1
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
进入个人的主目录
|
||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr>
|
||
<td>
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cd -
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
返回上次所在的目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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||
pwd
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
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||
显示工作路径
|
||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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ls
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
|
||
查看目录中的文件
|
||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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||
ls -F
|
||
</td>
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||
<td>
|
||
查看目录中的文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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ls -l
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</td>
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||
<td>
|
||
显示文件和目录的详细资料
|
||
</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
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||
<td>
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||
ls -a
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||
</td>
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||
<td>
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||
显示隐藏文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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ls *[0-9]*
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</td>
|
||
<td>
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||
显示包含数字的文件名和目录名
|
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</td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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||
tree
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||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示文件和目录由根目录开始的树形结构
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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||
lstree
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||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示文件和目录由根目录开始的树形结构
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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mkdir dir1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个叫做 'dir1' 的目录'
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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mkdir dir1 dir2
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||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
同时创建两个目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
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mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个目录树
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rm -f file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除一个叫做 'file1' 的文件'
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rmdir dir1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除一个叫做 'dir1' 的目录'
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rm -rf dir1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除一个叫做 'dir1' 的目录并同时删除其内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rm -rf dir1 dir2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
同时删除两个目录及它们的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mv dir1 new_dir
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
重命名/移动 一个目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cp file1 file2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
复制一个文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cp dir/* .
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
复制一个目录下的所有文件到当前工作目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cp -a /tmp/dir1 .
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
复制一个目录到当前工作目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cp -a dir1 dir2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
复制一个目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ln -s file1 lnk1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个指向文件或目录的软链接
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ln file1 lnk1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个指向文件或目录的物理链接
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
touch -t 0712250000 file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修改一个文件或目录的时间戳 - (YYMMDDhhmm)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iconv -l
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
列出已知的编码
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iconv -f fromEncoding -t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
改变字符的编码
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
批量调整当前目录中的文件大小并将其发送到缩略图目录（需要从ImageMagick转换）
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo4">
|
||
Linux命令 — 文件搜索 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo4" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find / -name file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从 '/' 开始进入根文件系统搜索文件和目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find / -user user1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
搜索属于用户 'user1' 的文件和目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find /home/user1 -name \*.bin
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在目录 '/ home/user1' 中搜索带有'.bin' 结尾的文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
搜索在过去100天内未被使用过的执行文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
搜索在10天内被创建或者修改过的文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find / -name \*.rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}' \;
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
搜索以 '.rpm' 结尾的文件并定义其权限
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find / -xdev -name \*.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
搜索以 '.rpm' 结尾的文件，忽略光驱、捷盘等可移动设备
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
locate \*.ps
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
寻找以 '.ps' 结尾的文件 - 先运行 'updatedb' 命令
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
whereis halt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个二进制文件、源码或man的位置
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
which halt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个二进制文件或可执行文件的完整路径
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo5">
|
||
Linux命令 — 挂载一个文件系统 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo5" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个叫做hda2的盘 - 确定目录 '/ mnt/hda2' 已经存在
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
umount /dev/hda2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
卸载一个叫做hda2的盘 - 先从挂载点 '/ mnt/hda2' 退出
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
fuser -km /mnt/hda2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
当设备繁忙时强制卸载
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
umount -n /mnt/hda2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
运行卸载操作而不写入 /etc/mtab 文件- 当文件为只读或当磁盘写满时非常有用
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个软盘
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个cdrom或dvdrom
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个cdrw或dvdrom
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个cdrw或dvdrom
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个文件或ISO镜像文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个Windows FAT32文件系统
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个usb 捷盘或闪存设备
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个windows网络共享
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo6">
|
||
Linux命令 — 磁盘空间 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo6" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
df -h
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示已经挂载的分区列表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ls -lSr |more
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以尺寸大小排列文件和目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
du -sh dir1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
估算目录 'dir1' 已经使用的磁盘空间'
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
du -sk * | sort -rn
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以容量大小为依据依次显示文件和目录的大小
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' | sort -k1,1n
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以大小为依据依次显示已安装的rpm包所使用的空间 (fedora, redhat类系统)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' | sort -k1,1n
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以大小为依据显示已安装的deb包所使用的空间 (ubuntu, debian类系统)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo7">
|
||
Linux命令 — 用户和群组 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo7" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
groupadd group_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个新用户组
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
groupdel group_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除一个用户组
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
重命名一个用户组
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
useradd -c "Name Surname " -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个属于 "admin" 用户组的用户
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
useradd user1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个新用户
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
userdel -r user1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除一个用户 ( '-r' 排除主目录)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
usermod -c "User FTP" -g system -d /ftp/user1 -s /bin/nologin user1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修改用户属性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
passwd
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修改口令
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
passwd user1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修改一个用户的口令 (只允许root执行)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chage -E 2020-12-31 user1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
设置用户口令的失效期限
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
pwck
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
检查 '/etc/passwd' 的文件格式和语法修正以及存在的用户
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
grpck
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
检查 '/etc/passwd' 的文件格式和语法修正以及存在的群组
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
newgrp group_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
登陆进一个新的群组以改变新创建文件的预设群组
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo8">
|
||
Linux命令 — 文件的权限 - 使用 "+" 设置权限，使用 "-" 用于取消 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo8" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ls -lh
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示权限
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ls /tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
将终端划分成5栏显示
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chmod ugo+rwx directory1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
设置目录的所有人(u)、群组(g)以及其他人(o)以读（r ）、写(w)和执行(x)的权限
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chmod go-rwx directory1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除群组(g)与其他人(o)对目录的读写执行权限
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chown user1 file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
改变一个文件的所有人属性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chown -R user1 directory1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
改变一个目录的所有人属性并同时改变改目录下所有文件的属性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chgrp group1 file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
改变文件的群组
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chown user1:group1 file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
改变一个文件的所有人和群组属性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find / -perm -u+s
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列一个系统中所有使用了SUID控制的文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chmod u+s /bin/file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
设置一个二进制文件的 SUID 位 - 运行该文件的用户也被赋予和所有者同样的权限
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chmod u-s /bin/file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
禁用一个二进制文件的 SUID位
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chmod g+s /home/public
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
设置一个目录的SGID 位 - 类似SUID ，不过这是针对目录的
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chmod g-s /home/public
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
禁用一个目录的 SGID 位
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chmod o+t /home/public
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
设置一个文件的 STIKY 位 - 只允许合法所有人删除文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chmod o-t /home/public
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
禁用一个目录的 STIKY 位
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo9">
|
||
Linux命令 — 文件的特殊属性 - 使用 "+" 设置权限，使用 "-" 用于取消 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo9" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chattr +a file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
只允许以追加方式读写文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chattr +c file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
允许这个文件能被内核自动压缩/解压
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chattr +d file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在进行文件系统备份时，dump程序将忽略这个文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chattr +i file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
设置成不可变的文件，不能被删除、修改、重命名或者链接
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chattr +s file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
允许一个文件被安全地删除
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chattr +S file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
一旦应用程序对这个文件执行了写操作，使系统立刻把修改的结果写到磁盘
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chattr +u file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
若文件被删除，系统会允许你在以后恢复这个被删除的文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
lsattr
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示特殊的属性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo10">
|
||
Linux命令 — 打包和压缩文件 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo10" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
bunzip2 file1.bz2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
解压一个叫做 'file1.bz2'的文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
bzip2 file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
压缩一个叫做 'file1' 的文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
gunzip file1.gz
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
解压一个叫做 'file1.gz'的文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
gzip file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
压缩一个叫做 'file1'的文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
gzip -9 file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
最大程度压缩
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rar a file1.rar test_file
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个叫做 'file1.rar' 的包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
同时压缩 'file1', 'file2' 以及目录 'dir1'
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rar x file1.rar
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
解压rar包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
unrar x file1.rar
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
解压rar包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -cvf archive.tar file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个非压缩的 tarball
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个包含了 'file1', 'file2' 以及 'dir1'的档案文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -tf archive.tar
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个包中的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -xvf archive.tar
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
释放一个包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
将压缩包释放到 /tmp目录下
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个bzip2格式的压缩包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -jxvf archive.tar.bz2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
解压一个bzip2格式的压缩包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个gzip格式的压缩包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
解压一个gzip格式的压缩包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
zip file1.zip file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个zip格式的压缩包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
将几个文件和目录同时压缩成一个zip格式的压缩包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
unzip file1.zip
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
解压一个zip格式压缩包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo11">
|
||
Linux命令 — RPM 包 - （Fedora, Redhat及类似系统） </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo11" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -ivh package.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
安装一个rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -ivh --nodeeps package.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
安装一个rpm包而忽略依赖关系警告
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -U package.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
更新一个rpm包但不改变其配置文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -F package.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
更新一个确定已经安装的rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -e package_name.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除一个rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -qa
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示系统中所有已经安装的rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -qa | grep httpd
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示所有名称中包含 "httpd" 字样的rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -qi package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
获取一个已安装包的特殊信息
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -qg "System Environment/Daemons"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个组件的rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -ql package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个已经安装的rpm包提供的文件列表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -qc package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个已经安装的rpm包提供的配置文件列表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -q package_name --whatrequires
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示与一个rpm包存在依赖关系的列表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -q package_name --whatprovides
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个rpm包所占的体积
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -q package_name --scripts
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示在安装/删除期间所执行的脚本l
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -q package_name --changelog
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个rpm包的修改历史
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
确认所给的文件由哪个rpm包所提供
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -qp package.rpm -l
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示由一个尚未安装的rpm包提供的文件列表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
导入公钥数字证书
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm --checksig package.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
确认一个rpm包的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -qa gpg-pubkey
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
确认已安装的所有rpm包的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -V package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
检查文件尺寸、 许可、类型、所有者、群组、MD5检查以及最后修改时间
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -Va
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
检查系统中所有已安装的rpm包- 小心使用
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -Vp package.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
确认一个rpm包还未安装
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories *bin*
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从一个rpm包运行可执行文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从一个rpm源码安装一个构建好的包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从一个rpm源码构建一个 rpm 包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo12">
|
||
Linux命令 — YUM 软件包升级器 - （Fedora, RedHat及类似系统） </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo12" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum install package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
下载并安装一个rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum localinstall package_name.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
将安装一个rpm包，使用你自己的软件仓库为你解决所有依赖关系
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum update package_name.rpm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
更新当前系统中所有安装的rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum update package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
更新一个rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum remove package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除一个rpm包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum list
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
列出当前系统中安装的所有包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum search package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在rpm仓库中搜寻软件包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum clean packages
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
清理rpm缓存删除下载的包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum clean headers
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除所有头文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
yum clean all
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除所有缓存的包和头文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo13">
|
||
Linux命令 — DEB 包 (Debian, Ubuntu 以及类似系统) </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo13" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dpkg -i package.deb
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
安装/更新一个 deb 包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dpkg -r package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从系统删除一个 deb 包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dpkg -l
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示系统中所有已经安装的 deb 包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dpkg -l | grep httpd
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示所有名称中包含 "httpd" 字样的deb包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dpkg -s package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
获得已经安装在系统中一个特殊包的信息
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dpkg -L package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示系统中已经安装的一个deb包所提供的文件列表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dpkg --contents package.deb
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示尚未安装的一个包所提供的文件列表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dpkg -S /bin/ping
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
确认所给的文件由哪个deb包提供
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo14">
|
||
Linux命令 — APT 软件工具 (Debian, Ubuntu 以及类似系统) </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo14" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
apt-get install package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
安装/更新一个 deb 包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
apt-cdrom install package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从光盘安装/更新一个 deb 包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
apt-get update
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
升级列表中的软件包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
apt-get upgrade
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
升级所有已安装的软件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
apt-get remove package_name
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从系统删除一个deb包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
apt-get check
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
确认依赖的软件仓库正确
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
apt-get clean
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从下载的软件包中清理缓存
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
apt-cache search searched-package
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
返回包含所要搜索字符串的软件包名称
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo15">
|
||
Linux命令 — 查看文件内容 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo15" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cat file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从第一个字节开始正向查看文件的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tac file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从最后一行开始反向查看一个文件的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
more file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查看一个长文件的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
less file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
类似于 'more' 命令，但是它允许在文件中和正向操作一样的反向操作
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
head -2 file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查看一个文件的前两行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tail -2 file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查看一个文件的最后两行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tail -f /var/log/messages
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
实时查看被添加到一个文件中的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo16">
|
||
Linux命令 — 文本处理 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo16" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) > result.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
合并一个文件的详细说明文本，并将简介写入一个新文件中
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) >> result.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
合并一个文件的详细说明文本，并将简介写入一个已有的文件中
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
grep Aug /var/log/messages
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在文件 '/var/log/messages'中查找关键词"Aug"
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
grep ^Aug /var/log/messages
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在文件 '/var/log/messages'中查找以"Aug"开始的词汇
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
grep [0-9] /var/log/messages
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
选择 '/var/log/messages' 文件中所有包含数字的行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
grep Aug -R /var/log/*
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在目录 '/var/log' 及随后的目录中搜索字符串"Aug"
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed 's/stringa1/stringa2/g' example.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
将example.txt文件中的 "string1" 替换成 "string2"
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed '/^$/d' example.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从example.txt文件中删除所有空白行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed '/ *#/d; /^$/d' example.txt 从example.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
文件中删除所有注释和空白行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
echo 'esempio' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
合并上下单元格内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed -e '1d' result.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从文件example.txt 中排除第一行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed -n '/stringa1/p'
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查看只包含词汇 "string1"的行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed -e 's/ *$//' example.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除每一行最后的空白字符
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed -e 's/stringa1//g' example.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从文档中只删除词汇 "string1" 并保留剩余全部
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed -n '1,5p;5q' example.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查看从第一行到第5行内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed -n '5p;5q' example.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查看第5行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sed -e 's/00*/0/g' example.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
用单个零替换多个零
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cat -n file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
标示文件的行数
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cat example.txt | awk 'NR%2==1'
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除example.txt文件中的所有偶数行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
echo a b c | awk '{print $1}'
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查看一行第一栏
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
echo a b c | awk '{print $1,$3}'
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查看一行的第一和第三栏
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
paste file1 file2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
合并两个文件或两栏的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
paste -d '+' file1 file2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
合并两个文件或两栏的内容，中间用"+"区分
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sort file1 file2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
排序两个文件的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sort file1 file2 | uniq
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
取出两个文件的并集(重复的行只保留一份)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sort file1 file2 | uniq -u
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除交集，留下其他的行
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
sort file1 file2 | uniq -d
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
取出两个文件的交集(只留下同时存在于两个文件中的文件)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
comm -1 file1 file2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
比较两个文件的内容只删除 'file1' 所包含的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
comm -2 file1 file2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
比较两个文件的内容只删除 'file2' 所包含的内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
comm -3 file1 file2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
比较两个文件的内容只删除两个文件共有的部分
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo17">
|
||
Linux命令 — 字符设置和文件格式转换 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo17" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
将一个文本文件的格式从MSDOS转换成UNIX
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
将一个文本文件的格式从UNIX转换成MSDOS
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
recode ..HTML < page.txt > page.html
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
将一个文本文件转换成html
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
recode -l | more
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示所有允许的转换格式
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo18">
|
||
Linux命令 — 文件系统分析 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo18" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
badblocks -v /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
检查磁盘hda1上的坏磁块
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
fsck /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修复/检查hda1磁盘上linux文件系统的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
fsck.ext2 /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修复/检查hda1磁盘上ext2文件系统的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
e2fsck /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修复/检查hda1磁盘上ext2文件系统的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
e2fsck -j /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修复/检查hda1磁盘上ext3文件系统的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
fsck.ext3 /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修复/检查hda1磁盘上ext3文件系统的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
fsck.vfat /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修复/检查hda1磁盘上fat文件系统的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
fsck.msdos /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修复/检查hda1磁盘上dos文件系统的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dosfsck /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
修复/检查hda1磁盘上dos文件系统的完整性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo19">
|
||
Linux命令 — 初始化一个文件系统 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo19" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mkfs /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在hda1分区创建一个文件系统
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mke2fs /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在hda1分区创建一个linux ext2的文件系统
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mke2fs -j /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在hda1分区创建一个linux ext3(日志型)的文件系统
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mkfs -t vfat 32 -F /dev/hda1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个 FAT32 文件系统
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
fdformat -n /dev/fd0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
格式化一个软盘
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mkswap /dev/hda3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个swap文件系统
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo20">
|
||
Linux命令 — SWAP文件系统 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo20" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mkswap /dev/hda3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个swap文件系统
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
swapon /dev/hda3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
启用一个新的swap文件系统
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
swapon /dev/hda2 /dev/hdb3
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
启用两个swap分区
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo21">
|
||
Linux命令 — 备份 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo21" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dump -0aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
制作一个 '/home' 目录的完整备份
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dump -1aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
制作一个 '/home' 目录的交互式备份
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
restore -if /tmp/home0.bak
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
还原一个交互式备份
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rsync -rogpav --delete /home /tmp
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
同步两边的目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rsync -rogpav -e ssh --delete /home ip_address:/tmp
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
通过SSH通道rsync
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rsync -az -e ssh --delete ip_addr:/home/public /home/local
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
通过ssh和压缩将一个远程目录同步到本地目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
rsync -az -e ssh --delete /home/local ip_addr:/home/public
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
通过ssh和压缩将本地目录同步到远程目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dd bs=1M if=/dev/hda | gzip | ssh user@ip_addr 'dd of=hda.gz'
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
通过ssh在远程主机上执行一次备份本地磁盘的操作
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dd if=/dev/sda of=/tmp/file1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
备份磁盘内容到一个文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar -Puf backup.tar /home/user
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
执行一次对 '/home/user' 目录的交互式备份操作
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
( cd /tmp/local/ && tar c . ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/share/ && tar x -p'
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
通过ssh在远程目录中复制一个目录内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
( tar c /home ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/backup-home && tar x -p'
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
通过ssh在远程目录中复制一个本地目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tar cf - . | (cd /tmp/backup ; tar xf - )
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
本地将一个目录复制到另一个地方，保留原有权限及链接
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find /home/user1 -name '*.txt' | xargs cp -av --target-directory=/home/backup/ --parents
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从一个目录查找并复制所有以 '.txt' 结尾的文件到另一个目录
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
find /var/log -name '*.log' | tar cv --files-from=- | bzip2 > log.tar.bz2
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查找所有以 '.log' 结尾的文件并做成一个bzip包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
做一个将 MBR (Master Boot Record)内容复制到软盘的动作
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从已经保存到软盘的备份中恢复MBR内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo22">
|
||
Linux命令 — 光盘 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo22" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
清空一个可复写的光盘内容
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mkisofs /dev/cdrom > cd.iso
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在磁盘上创建一个光盘的iso镜像文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mkisofs /dev/cdrom | gzip > cd_iso.gz
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在磁盘上创建一个压缩了的光盘iso镜像文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V "Label CD" -iso-level 4 -o ./cd.iso data_cd
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
创建一个目录的iso镜像文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom cd.iso
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
刻录一个ISO镜像文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom -
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
刻录一个压缩了的ISO镜像文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount -o loop cd.iso /mnt/iso
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个ISO镜像文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cd-paranoia -B
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从一个CD光盘转录音轨到 wav 文件中
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cd-paranoia -- "-3"
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
从一个CD光盘转录音轨到 wav 文件中（参数-3）
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
cdrecord --scanbus
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
扫描总线以识别scsi通道
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dd if=/dev/hdc | md5sum
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
校验一个设备的md5sum编码，例如一张 CD
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo23">
|
||
Linux命令 — 网络 - （以太网和WIFI无线） </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo23" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
dhclient eth0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以dhcp模式启用‘eth0’网络设备
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ethtool eth0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示网卡‘eth0’的流量统计
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
host www.example.com
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查找主机名以解析名称与IP地址及镜像
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
hostname
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示主机名
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ifconfig eth0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个以太网卡的配置
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
控制IP地址
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ifconfig eth0 promisc
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
设置‘eth0’成混杂模式以嗅探数据包（sniffing）
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ifdown eth0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
禁用一个‘eth0’网络设备
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ifup eth0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
启用一个‘eth0’网络设备
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ip link show
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示所有网络设备的连接状态
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iwconfig eth1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一个无线网卡的配置
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iwlist scan
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示无线网络
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mii-tool eth0
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示‘eth0’的连接状态
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
netstat -tup
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示所有启用的网络连接和他们的PID
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
netstat -tup1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示系统中所有监听的网络服务和他们的PID
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
netstat -rn
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示路由表，类似于“route -n”命令
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
nslookup www.example.com
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
查找主机名以解析名称与IP地址及镜像
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
route -n
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示路由表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
route add -net 0/0 gw IP Gateway
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
控制预设网关
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1
|
||
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
控制通向网络‘192.168.0.0/16’的静态路由
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
route del 0/0 gw IP gateway
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除静态路由
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
echo “1”>
|
||
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_foward
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
激活IP转发
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tcpdump tcp port 80
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示所有HTTP回环
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
whois www.example.com
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
在Whois数据库中查找
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo24">
|
||
Linux命令 — Microsoft Windows 网络 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo24" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
mount -t smbfs -o
|
||
username=user,password=pass
|
||
//WinClient/share/mnt/share
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
挂载一个windows网络共享
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
nbtscan ip addr
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
netbios名解析
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
nmblookup -A ip addr
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
netbios名解析
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
smbclient -L ip addr/hostname
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示一台windows主机的远程共享
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
smbget -Rr smb://ip addr/share
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
像wget一样能够通过smb从一台windows主机上下载文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo25">
|
||
Linux命令 — IPTABLES(firewall) </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo25" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t filter -L
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示过滤表的所有链路
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t nae -L
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示nat表的所有链路
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t filter -F
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以过滤表为依据清理所有规则
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t nat -F
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以nat表为依据清理所有规则
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t filter -X
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
删除所有由用户创建的链路
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp --dport telnet -j ACCEPT
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
允许telnet接入
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t filter -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport telnet -j DROP
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
阻止telnet接入
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport pop3 -j ACCEPT
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
允许转发链路上的POP3连接
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t filter -A INPUT -j LOG --log-prefix
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
记录所有链路中被查封的包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
设置一个PAT（端口地址转换）在eth0掩盖发出包
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -d 192.168.0.1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22-j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.2:22
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
将发往一个主机地址的包转向到其他主机
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-warning" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo26">
|
||
Linux命令 — 监视和调试 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo26" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
free -m
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以兆为单位罗列RAM状态
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
kill -9 process id
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
强行关闭进程并结束它
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
kill -1 process id
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
强制一个进程重载其配置
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
last reboot
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示重启历史
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
lsmod
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列状态的内核模块
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
lsof -p process id
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列一个由进程打开的文件列表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
lsof /home/user1
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列所给系统路径中的所打开的文件的列表
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ps -eafw
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列linux任务
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ps -e -o pid,args --forest
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以分级的方式罗列linux任务
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
pstress
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
以树状图显示程序
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
smartctl -A /dev/hda
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
通过启用SMART监控硬盘设备的可靠性
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
smartctl -i /dev/hda
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
检查一个硬盘设备的SMART是否启用
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
strace -c ls >/dev/null
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列系统calls made并用一个进程接收
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
strace -f -e open ls >/dev/null
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列库调用
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tail /var/log/dmesg
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示内核引导过程中的内部事件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
tail /val/log/messages
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
显示系统事件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
top
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列使用CPU资源最多的linux任务
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
watch -nl ‘cat /proc/interrupts’
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列实时中断
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<div class="accordion-group">
|
||
<div class="accordion-heading">
|
||
<a class="list-group-item list-group-item-info" data-toggle="collapse" href="#demo27">
|
||
Linux命令 — 其他常用命令 </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="demo27" class="in collapse">
|
||
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
命令代码
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th class="titcolor" width="50%">
|
||
注释说明
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
alias hh='history'
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
为命令history（历史）设置一个别名
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
apropos ...keyword
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
罗列一个包括程序关键词的命令列表，当你仅知晓程序是干什么，而又不记得命令时特别有用
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chsh
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
改变shell命令
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
chsh --list-shells
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
用于了解你是否必须远程连接到别的机器的不错的命令
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
gpg -c filel
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
用GNU Privacy Guard加密一个文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
gpg filel.gpg
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
用GNU Privacy Guard解密一个文件
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></div></div>
|
||
</div> <div class="accordion-group"> </div></div><script src="/static/script/jquery-1.11.3.min.js" type="text/javascript"><script src="/static/script/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/static/script/tool.js" type="text/javascript"></script>{include file="nav" /}
|
||
{include file="link" /}
|
||
{include file="footer" /}
|
||
</body></html> |